Bow 1

Transcription-It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic  information stored in a DNA strand into acomplementary strand of RNA NA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases.

 Translation-  change or conversion  to another form, appearance, etc.;transformation.A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA.

               

name the gene.

 Gene Sequence 2: ATG GCG GGT CTG ACG GCG GCG GCC CCG CGG CCC GGA GTC CTC CTG CTC CTG CTG TCC ATC CTC CAC CCC TCT CGG CCT GGA GGG GTC CCT GGG GCC ATT CCT GGT GGA GTT CCT GGA GGA GTC TT

          This gene encodes a protein that is one of the two components of elastic fibers. The encoded protein is rich in hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine and proline, which form mobile hydrophobic regions bounded by crosslinks between lysine residues. Deletions and mutations in this gene are associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) and autosomal dominant cutis laxa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
  Gene sequence 3:ATG CTC ACA TTC ATG GCC TCT GAC AGC GAG GAA GAA GTG TGT GAT GAG CGG ACG TCC CTA ATG TCG GCC GAG AGC CCC AGC CCG CGC TCC TGC CAG GAG GGC AGG CAG GGC CCA GAG GAT GGA G
       Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1 or PSEN2) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor such that, they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity, or themselves act are protease enzymes. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of PSEN2 have been identified.
 Gene sequence 5:ATG CGT CGA GGG CGT CTG CTG GAG ATC GCC CTG GGA TTT ACC GTG CTT TTA GCG TCC TAC ACG AGC CAT GGG GCG GAC GCC AAT TTG GAG GCT GGG AAC GTG AAG GAA ACC AGA GCC AGT CGG GCC
      This gene encodes a member of the fibrillin family. The encoded protein is a large, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that serve as a structural component of 10-12 nm calcium-binding microfibrils. These microfibrils provide force bearing structural support in elastic and nonelastic connective tissue throughout the body. Mutations in this gene are associated with Marfan syndrome, isolated ectopia lentis, autosomal dominant Weill-Marchesani syndrome, MASS syndrome, and Shprintzen-Goldberg craniosynostosis syndrome.
   Gene sequence 6:ATG CCG CCC AAA ACC CCC CGA AAA ACG GCC GCC ACC GCC GCC GCT GCC GCC GCG GAA CCC GGC ACC GCC GCC GCC GCC CCC TCC TGA GGG ACC CAG AGC AGG ACA GCG GCC CGG AGG AC
   The protein encoded by this gene is a negative regulator of the cell cycle and was the first tumor suppressor gene found. The encoded protein also stabilizes constitutive heterochromatin to maintain the overall chromatin structure. The active, hypophosphorylated form of the protein binds transcription factor E2F1. Defects in this gene are a cause of childhood cancer retinoblastoma (RB), bladder cancer, and osteogenic sarcoma.
    Gene sequence 8:ATG CCA TCT TCC TTG ATG TTG GAG GTA CCT GCT CTG GCA GAT TTC AAC CGG GCT TGG ACA GAA CTT ACC GAC TGG CTT TCT CTG CTT GAT CAA GTT ATA AAA TCA CAG AGG GTG ATG GTG GGT GAC CTT
       The dystrophin gene is the largest gene found in nature, measuring 2.4 Mb. The gene was identified through a positional cloning approach, targeted at the isolation of the gene responsible for Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) Muscular Dystrophies. DMD is a recessive, fatal, X-linked disorder occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 3,500 new-born males. BMD is a milder allelic form. In general, DMD patients carry mutations which cause premature translation termination (nonsense or frame shift mutations), while in BMD patients dystrophin is reduced either in molecular weight (derived from in-frame deletions) or in expression level. The dystrophin gene is highly complex, containing at least eight independent, tissue-specific promoters and two polyA-addition sites. Furthermore, dystrophin RNA is differentially spliced, producing a range of different transcripts, encoding a large set of protein isoforms. Dystrophin (as encoded by the Dp427 transcripts) is a large, rod-like cytoskeletal protein which is found at the inner surface of muscle fibers. Dystrophin is part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner cytoskeleton (F-actin) and the extra-cellular matrix. 

BOW 10

Deadly Poisonous Mushrooms

Mushroom containing a toxin that, following contact or ingestion, produces serious effects on humans, generally resulting in death.

http://visual.merriam-webster.com/plants-gardening/plants/mushroom/deadly-poisonous-mushroom.php

The biggest difference between viruses and bacteria is that viruses must have a living host - like a plant or animal - to multiply, while most bacteria can grow on non-living surfaces.Bacteria are intercellular organisms(. they live in-between cells); whereas viruses are intracellular organisms (they infiltrate the host cell and live inside the cell). They change the host cell's genetic material from its normal function to producing the virus itself.There are some useful bacteria but all viruses are harmful.Antibiotics can kill bacteria but not viruses.An example of a disease caused by bacteria is strep throat and an example of an affliction caused by a virus is the flu.

http://www.technologyreview.com/Biotech/20363/

BOW 9 virtual epidemic

A combination of high H>C levels , high C>S levels (the contagiousness of the disease) and high S>D levels ( the deadliness of the diseases) will cause the worst deadly epidemic.


My Data: As you can see in 17 rounds  more than 120 people have died and spread it around

Epidemic simulation, by Ian Clark and Adrian Smith

Using this page About Epidemic

Healthy    •    277   Carrier    ¤    0   Sick    ¶    0   Dead    †    123   Immune    §    0    step(s)  Auto Probabilities ...  H > C:  C > S:  S > D:  S > I:  I > H:  Map  Plain text  Notepad  Totals  Charts      {text}   20x20   25x30   UK-map

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • † • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • • † † † † † † † † • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
reference: http://starmap.causeway.co.uk/epidemic.asp

BOW 8 Hot Zone

what i like most about the hot zone is that it gives you so many details that you can actually picture it,also it gives me  information about diseases i have never heard about which it interest me much more. I love how the book shows what mistakes people make and what symptoms they get which is pretty scary, But after all its good because it  teaches  me how to be careful and what things can cause you disease and how it spreads.

reference: http://shelflove.wordpress.com/2010/07/05/the-hot-zone-review/

BOW 7

vaccine is any preparation used as a preventive inoculation to confer immunity against a specific disease,usually employing aninnocuous form of the disease agent, as killed or weakenedbacteria or viruses, to stimulate antibody production

     

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vaccine

     

BOW 6

diffusion : The spread of one area to a different group by contact.
ex : the perfume diffuses around the room.

facilitated diffusion : type of passive transport that allows things to pass the membrane with the help of transport proteins.
ex : sugar has to be able to cross the plasma membrane.

active transport : movement of a chemical substance from a lower center of concentration to a higher center of concentration due to its energy
Ex : coffee filters

endocytosis :the process in which the cell takes in materials from the outside and fusing them with its plasma membrane.
ex: monocytes can eat foreign substances such as bacteria

exocytosis : cellular process in which a  intracellular vesicles in he cytoplasm fuse with the plasma membrane
Ex : hormones from the endocrine glands

osmosis : the movement of water across a permeable membrane
ex : white blood cell